羊絨衫起球的原因分析及評定指標
羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)以其(qi)非凡(fan)的(de)(de)風(feng)格和(he)高雅的(de)(de)氣質,深受(shou)廣大(da)消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)喜愛,但羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)起球(qiu)問題普遍,嚴重困(kun)擾(rao)了消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)使用。羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)起球(qiu)與(yu)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)纖維(wei)特點、面料(liao)結構和(he)消(xiao)費者穿著習慣都(dou)有關系。國家標準規定,只要羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)起球(qiu)等級不超過允許(xu)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍就是合(he)格產(chan)品,即使質量最上乘的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan),在剛開(kai)始穿著時也(ye)會在的(de)(de)適度的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內有輕(qing)微的(de)(de)起球(qiu)現象。本文為您做詳細(xi)分析(xi)。
一、羊(yang)絨(rong)衫起球(qiu)的原(yuan)因
1)纖維紗線(xian)
羊(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)度、長(chang)度、卷曲(qu)是(shi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝特(te)征,羊(yang)絨與(yu)羊(yang)毛相(xiang)比(bi),首先(xian)是(shi)細(xi)度小、長(chang)度短(duan)、卷曲(qu)數少,這樣纖(xian)維(wei)在(zai)紗中抱合力(li)小,外露毛羽(yu)多,再加上纖(xian)維(wei)滑糯在(zai)外力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下從織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中滑移(yi)而產生掉(diao)絨起球(qiu)。其次(ci)是(shi)其纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縮絨性(xing)(xing)和(he)磨(mo)擦系(xi)數均小,纖(xian)維(wei)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)擦阻力(li)減少,但(dan)因羊(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鱗(lin)片(pian)結(jie)(jie)構,使得羊(yang)絨純紡或是(shi)與(yu)羊(yang)毛混紡的(de)(de)(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),羊(yang)絨易(yi)從織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中滑移(yi)出來,當纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集合體(ti)受(shou)到無定向性(xing)(xing)外力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,逆鱗(lin)片(pian)受(shou)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)纖(xian)維(wei)容易(yi)不斷向根部移(yi)運,產生掉(diao)絨,由于鱗(lin)片(pian)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)棘(ji)鎖(suo)和(he)纖(xian)維(wei)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)(xing),纖(xian)維(wei)相(xiang)互交錯纏結(jie)(jie)起球(qiu),也(ye)引起了動物(wu)纖(xian)維(wei)所(suo)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)氈縮。
羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維的導電(dian)(dian)能力(li)差,衣服在(zai)穿著時,纖(xian)維間互(hu)相磨(mo)擦,造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)荷在(zai)纖(xian)維聚集,產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)現象(xiang),介電(dian)(dian)系數高的纖(xian)維帶(dai)正電(dian)(dian)荷,反之帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)荷。如(ru)化學纖(xian)維與羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)磨(mo)擦時,化學纖(xian)維帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)荷,羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維帶(dai)正電(dian)(dian)荷。不相同(tong)電(dian)(dian)荷的纖(xian)維之間相互(hu)吸引,易(yi)造(zao)成織物(wu)掉(diao)絨(rong)(rong)起(qi)球(qiu),當天(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)燥時這種(zhong)現象(xiang)尤為(wei)嚴重(zhong)。
纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的卷曲波形愈多(duo),在(zai)加捻(nian)時,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)越不容(rong)易(yi)(yi)伸展,在(zai)摩擦過程(cheng)中纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)松動滑移,在(zai)紗(sha)線表面形成(cheng)毛茸。為(wei)此,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)卷曲性愈好(hao),愈易(yi)(yi)起(qi)球。纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)愈細,顯露在(zai)紗(sha)線表面的纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)頭端(duan)就多(duo),纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)柔軟性也愈好(hao),因此細纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)比(bi)粗纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)于(yu)糾(jiu)纏起(qi)球。而對于(yu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)長(chang)度來講,較(jiao)短(duan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)比(bi)長(chang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)于(yu)起(qi)毛起(qi)球,因游離纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)較(jiao)多(duo),且(qie)短(duan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)之(zhi)間的摩擦力及抱合力均(jun)較(jiao)小,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)于(yu)滑到織(zhi)物(wu)表面,也就容(rong)易(yi)(yi)產生起(qi)球現象(xiang)。
紗線(xian)(xian)的捻(nian)度(du)和(he)表(biao)面光(guang)潔程度(du)對起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)也有較大影響(xiang),捻(nian)度(du)高(gao)的紗線(xian)(xian),纖維間的抱合緊(jin)密,紗線(xian)(xian)在(zai)受到摩(mo)擦(ca)時,纖維從紗線(xian)(xian)內滑移相對少,起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)現象減少;由于羊絨衫是柔軟性織(zhi)物(wu)(wu),過高(gao)的捻(nian)度(du)會使織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)發硬(ying),因此不能靠(kao)提(ti)高(gao)捻(nian)度(du)來防止(zhi)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。紗線(xian)(xian)光(guang)潔度(du)的影響(xiang),紗線(xian)(xian)越光(guang)潔,表(biao)面毛茸則短(duan)而少,所以光(guang)潔紗線(xian)(xian)不易起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。
2)織物組織結(jie)構
織(zhi)(zhi)物組織(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)疏(shu)松的(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物比結(jie)構(gou)(gou)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物易起(qi)(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu),結(jie)構(gou)(gou)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物與外界物體摩(mo)擦時,不(bu)易產生毛茸,已經存在(zai)的(de)(de)毛茸,又由于纖維(wei)之間的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦阻力較大(da),而不(bu)易滑到織(zhi)(zhi)物表(biao)面來,故(gu)可(ke)減輕起(qi)(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)現象。高(gao)機號織(zhi)(zhi)物一般比較緊(jin)密(mi),所以(yi)低機號織(zhi)(zhi)物比高(gao)機號織(zhi)(zhi)物易起(qi)(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。表(biao)面平整的(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物不(bu)易起(qi)(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu),表(biao)面凹凸不(bu)平的(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物易起(qi)(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。
3)染整(zheng)工藝的影響
紗線(xian)或織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)經染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)及整(zheng)理(li)以(yi)后,對抗(kang)起(qi)球性將產生較大(da)影響,這與染(ran)(ran)料、助劑、染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)工藝條件有關(guan),以(yi)絞紗染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)紗線(xian)比用散毛染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)或毛條染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)紗線(xian)易起(qi)球;以(yi)成衫染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)比紗線(xian)染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)所織(zhi)的(de)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易起(qi)球;織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)經過(guo)定型,特別是經樹脂整(zheng)理(li)后,其抗(kang)起(qi)毛起(qi)球性將大(da)大(da)增強。
4)穿著條件的(de)影響
起(qi)球(qiu)現(xian)象需要從(cong)紡織品(pin)起(qi)球(qiu)的(de)機理說起(qi)。羊(yang)絨(rong)衫在(zai)穿(chuan)著過程(cheng)中,由于外罩(zhao)(如外衣(yi))施加的(de)摩擦等(deng)作用,紗線中較短(duan)的(de)纖(xian)維的(de)一端滑移出(chu)來,在(zai)織物表面相(xiang)互纏(chan)結成球(qiu)。而(er)羊(yang)絨(rong)纖(xian)維比羊(yang)毛的(de)纖(xian)維細而(er)短(duan),加上一般的(de)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫為(wei)粗梳(shu)產品(pin),羊(yang)絨(rong)紗中的(de)短(duan)纖(xian)維含量較高,更(geng)容易“呲(ci)”出(chu)來彼此纏(chan)結。
因此羊絨衫在內(nei)穿(chuan)時(shi),與(yu)其(qi)配套(tao)的外衣(yi)里(li)子最好是光滑(hua)的,不(bu)能太粗糙、堅硬,內(nei)袋勿裝硬物或插筆等,以免(mian)局(ju)部(bu)摩擦(ca)起球;在外穿(chuan)時(shi),袖(xiu)(xiu)子與(yu)桌面、袖(xiu)(xiu)子與(yu)沙發(fa)(fa)扶手(shou)、背部(bu)與(yu)沙發(fa)(fa)等不(bu)要長時(shi)間(jian)摩擦(ca)。穿(chuan)著時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)宜(yi)太長,要注意間(jian)歇(xie)、交替穿(chuan)著,使其(qi)恢復(fu)彈力(li),以免(mian)纖(xian)維疲勞(lao)損(sun)傷。
羊絨衫出現(xian)起(qi)(qi)球現(xian)象(xiang)之(zhi)后,切(qie)忌用手生(sheng)拉硬扯,正確(que)的方法是在洗(xi)滌后用剪刀將起(qi)(qi)的絨球輕(qing)輕(qing)地剪下,在經過幾次洗(xi)滌之(zhi)后,隨著(zhu)一(yi)些松(song)散的纖(xian)維脫落(luo),羊絨衫的起(qi)(qi)球現(xian)象(xiang)是會(hui)逐漸消失的。
二、羊(yang)絨衫起球的評定
羊絨衫的(de)起球(qiu)測定方(fang)法主要采取GB/T 4802.3—2008《織(zhi)物起毛起球(qiu)性(xing)能的(de)測定第3部分(fen)起球(qiu)箱法》。產品標準有FZ/T 73018—2012 《毛針(zhen)織(zhi)品》和FZ/T 73009—2009《羊絨針(zhen)織(zhi)品》,具體的(de)評定等級見表
表1羊絨(rong)衫起球評定指標(biao)

注:低于二(er)等(deng)(deng)品的為等(deng)(deng)外品。